Superconductivity bụ ihe anụ ahụ nke nguzogide eletriki nke ihe na-adaba na efu na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị oke egwu.Ozizi Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) bụ nkọwa dị irè, nke na-akọwa ihe kachasị mma n'ọtụtụ ihe.Ọ na-arụtụ aka na ụzọ abụọ electron Cooper na-etolite na kristal lattice na oke okpomọkụ zuru oke, yana na BCS superconductivity na-abịa site na condensation ha.Ọ bụ ezie na graphene n'onwe ya bụ ezigbo onye na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik, ọ naghị egosipụta superconductivity BCS n'ihi nkwụsị nke mkparịta ụka electron-phonon.Nke a bụ ya mere ọtụtụ ndị nduzi "ezigbo" (dị ka ọla edo na ọla kọpa) ji bụrụ "ọjọọ" superconductors.
Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems (PCS) na Institute of Basic Science (IBS, South Korea) kọrọ usoro ọzọ ọzọ iji nweta superconductivity na graphene.Ha nwetara nke a site n'ịtụpụta usoro ngwakọ mejupụtara graphene na akụkụ abụọ nke Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).E bipụtara nyocha ahụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ 2D Materials.
Usoro ngwakọ nke nwere gas elektrọn (n'elu oyi akwa) na graphene, nke kewapụrụ na condensate Bose-Einstein nwere akụkụ abụọ, nke ihe exciton na-apụtaghị ìhè (acha anụnụ anụnụ na akwa uhie) nọchiri anya ya.Igwe ọkụ Coulomb jikọtara elektrọn na exciton dị na graphene.
(a) Ndabere ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ọdịiche dị elu na usoro mgbasa ozi nke bogolon na nhazi okpomọkụ (akara dashed) na enweghị nhazi okpomọkụ (akara siri ike).(b) Okpomọkụ dị oke egwu nke mgbanwe mgbanwe dị elu dị ka ọrụ nke njupụta condensate maka mmekọrịta mmekọrịta nke bogolon na (akara a na-acha uhie uhie) na enweghị (akara siri ike ojii) mmezi okpomọkụ.Ahịrị nwere ntụpọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi ọnọdụ mgbanwe BKT dị ka ọrụ nke njupụta condensate.
Na mgbakwunye na superconductivity, BEC bụ ihe ọzọ na-eme na obere okpomọkụ.Ọ bụ ọnọdụ okwu nke ise nke mbụ Einstein buru n'amụma na 1924. Nhazi nke BEC na-eme mgbe atom ndị nwere obere ume gbakọtara ọnụ wee banye n'otu ọnọdụ ume ahụ, nke bụ ngalaba nyocha nke ukwuu na physics condensed.Ngwakọ Bose-Fermi bụ n'ezie na-anọchi anya mmekọrịta nke oyi akwa electrons nwere akwa bosons, dị ka exciton na-apụtaghị ìhè, exciton-polarons, na ndị ọzọ.Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ irighiri Bose na Fermi butere akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche na ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ, nke kpalitere mmasị nke akụkụ abụọ ahụ.Echiche dabere na ngwa.
N'ime ọrụ a, ndị na-eme nchọpụta kọrọ usoro ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ na graphene, nke bụ n'ihi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti electrons na "bogolons" kama phonons na usoro BCS.Bogolons ma ọ bụ Bogoliubov quasiparticles bụ ihe na-akpali akpali na BEC, nke nwere ụfọdụ njirimara nke irighiri ihe.N'ime ụfọdụ oke oke, usoro a na-enye ohere ikpo ọkụ dị oke egwu na graphene rute 70 Kelvin.Ndị na-eme nchọpụta ewepụtala echiche ọhụrụ microscopic BCS nke na-elekwasị anya na sistemụ dabere na graphene ngwakọ ọhụrụ.Nlereanya ha tụpụtara na-ebu amụma na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nwere ike ịbawanye na okpomọkụ, na-eme ka ịdabere na okpomọkụ na-abụghị monotony nke oghere dị elu.
Na mgbakwunye, ọmụmụ egosila na a na-echekwa mgbasa nke Dirac nke graphene na atụmatụ mgbasa ozi nke bogolon.Nke a na-egosi na usoro a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-agụnye electrons nwere mgbasasa relativistic, na ihe a enyochabeghị nke ọma na physics okwu condensed.
Ọrụ a na-ekpughe ụzọ ọzọ iji nweta oke okpomọkụ dị elu.N'otu oge ahụ, site n'ịchịkwa ihe onwunwe nke condensate, anyị nwere ike ịhazigharị superconductivity nke graphene.Nke a na-egosi ụzọ ọzọ iji chịkwaa ngwaọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ọdịnihu.
Oge nzipu: Jul-16-2021 
